July 14, 2004 -- Carrie is 2 years old, with curly brown hair and
Windex-blue eyes. In a still-life portrait, she would be adorable.
In three dimensions, she's a cross between a Gerber baby and the Tasmanian
devil.
Bang. Bang bang bang and bang and bang.
That's the noise of the plastic water cup she is whacking against
the ceramic-topped table of a neighborhood coffeehouse whose concrete
floors function like an echo chamber. If she had a hammer she would
have destroyed the table by now, and I'm pretty sure her parents
would've let her. People look up from their lattes, squint at the
diminutive figure making the big, ear-splitting noise, and try to
continue with their newspapers or conversations. The banging goes
on for a good 10 minutes. Normally, I would say something—I'm
not shy about these things—but I'm curious to know just how
long her parents, with whom I'm having coffee, will let this go.
The answer: Indefinitely. They don't even seem to notice. Maybe
they're just used to it?
On some primal level, Carrie must be offended that she's not the
center of attention. There is anger in her banging, along with what
I read as malice. As she grows even more restive, her father lowers
her to the floor. Still clutching the cup, Carrie crawls through
the room, pounding on the concrete floor as she goes along, giving
everyone an up-close earful of her drum solo.
A few weeks later I'm at a party, mostly adults with a few kids
sprinkled in, among them the volcanically unruly 5-year-old son
of a friend. As I squat down to greet him, he responds by biting
me in the arm, leaving teeth marks through a shirt and a sweater.
I am just about to spank his little behind when I realize I'm in
dangerous territory. People go to jail for that these days.
I release him so that his father doesn't see I'm on the verge of
administering what probably would be the kid's first corporal punishment.
The youngster begins kicking the floor-to-ceiling window, which
fortunately is made of Plexiglas. His father does intervene, taking
the child by the arm and pointing out some of the window's unique
features. "You shouldn't kick this window because it's a very
special window," he tells his son. "See how the frame
. . ." And I'm thinking, "Kid, you shouldn't kick the
window because in another universe your father would have some vague
concept of parental authority."
A few weeks after that, I'm on a plane. . . . Never mind, I'll
tell you later. Everybody has a kid/airplane story. But mine is
better than yours.
Child behavior is a vast subject, to be sure, but let's focus on
one aspect that affects everyone, parent or not: what children do
in public places. And if you think they are getting away with a
lot more than they used to, you're right. Permissive parenting is
one thing, but wimpy parents who let their kids run roughshod over
themselves and other adults are quite another. And they're rampant.
This apparently has not been lost on parents, judging by the raft
of books advocating firmer discipline. The question is, when will
"No!" be reinstated into the dialogue between parent and
child, and to what extent must the rest of us suffer the whims of
children who rule civil society as if they're banana republic dictators?
Educational psychologist Michele Borba, author of numerous books
on child rearing, including "No More Misbehavin': 38 Difficult
Behaviors and How to Stop Them" and most recently "Don't
Give Me That Attitude! 24 Rude, Selfish, Insensitive Things Kids
Do and How to Stop Them," says this is not merely a California
thing, or even an American thing. It's a global concern. "I
was in Malaysia and even there, the biggest concern is selfish,
self-indulgent children. It's a growing new breed. People aren't
taking ownership of their children's behavior. I call it the NMK
Syndrome—'Not My Kid! My kid is perfect!' "
"Community involvement has diminished in favor of child autonomy,"
says Peter N. Stearns, provost and professor of history at George
Mason University in Virginia and author of "Anxious Parents:
A History of Modern Childrearing in America." "With children,
there's a weaker boundary between home and public, and at the same
time, we have more groups now [retirees, for example, and childless
couples] that are really not used to children. So it's not surprising
to see it causing a good deal of friction."
Bring up the subject of children in public places and you will
find a number of recurring complaints. There is, for example, the
all-too-familiar scenario described by Layla Revis of Hollywood:
"I was watching 'Cold Mountain,' and there was a couple sitting
in the middle of the theater with a 3-year-old girl. Naturally the
kid flipped out during the first battle scene and cried for another
half hour. Then, finally, somebody yelled, 'Take your kid outside,'
and the whole theater started applauding."
There's also an implicit assumption that everyone's home is childproofed.
Just ask Donald John, a former literature professor at Oxford who's
currently writing a book on poet William Blake. John hosted a Memorial
Day barbecue last year at his home in Napa Valley. The party was
underway when the sound of violin strings being plucked alerted
him that something was amiss. Upon investigation, he found that
the 6-year-old son of one of his guests had removed his grandfather's
antique Italian violin from its case. "It's a mystery how he
found it," John says, "because we keep it at the entrance
to the wine cellar."
What ensued might be called performance art. The boy began darting
through the house, swinging the violin by its scroll, clipping it
against walls and furniture as he led a merry chase. The mother
declared that only she could defuse the situation, but each time
she squared off against her son, he scurried into another room.
"It turned into a hostage negotiation, but it was all appeasement,"
John says. "She would offer him ice cream, and his eyes would
light up for a second before he ran off again."
By the time the violin was retrieved, its bridge and neck were
damaged. "The perplexing thing is that some of these parents
seem amused when their children do this sort of thing," says
John, the parent of two grown daughters. To avoid unruly children,
John, a nonsmoker, requests the smoking section when dining in British
restaurants because he finds secondhand smoke less irritating than
the kids in nonsmoking sections. (It was the child skateboarding
in a restaurant lounge who tipped him over the edge.)
Restaurants, perhaps next to planes, figure big in the case against
overexuberant children, as Corey Saldana will tell you. The paralegal
who lives in Monterey Hills was dining at a Japanese restaurant
in South Pasadena when his dinner companions unleashed their 3-year-old,
who tore through the restaurant, toured the kitchen and wound up
lying on the dining room floor—"like she was in a meadow,
staring up at the stars"—until finally the waitress tapped
the mother's shoulder and handed back her child.
Cotton Mather, in a 1685 sermon freighted with more than a little
disapproval, said: "The Youth in this country are verie Sharp
and early Ripe in their Capacities." The Puritans indeed took
a pretty hard line on child behavior. According to Mary Cable's
"The Little Darlings: A History of Child Rearing in America,"
children in the New England colonies "could be—and sometimes
were—sentenced to a public whipping. More often they were
forced to make a public confession at a meeting, or made the specific
target of a denunciatory sermon." And if that didn't keep them
in line, well, as every American child of the 17th century was taught,
the Protestant theologian John Calvin put forth that, "[T]he
Lord commands all those who are disobedient to their parents to
be put to death." The colony of Connecticut regarded this language
reasonable enough to put a law on the books that called for death
to all disobedient young people over the age of 14, though there's
no evidence that this was actually carried out.
"What's interesting is how far 19th century manners for children—which
was 'to be seen and not heard'—extended into the 20th,"
says history professor Stearns, the George Mason history professor.
In the past, he says, parents operated on the assumption that teaching
their children to sit still for extended periods of time was an
important part of their socialization. "We no longer do that.
We have somehow come to believe that our children are just going
to misbehave in public."
In my family, kids had roughly the same rights as someone sent
to one of Stalin's Soviet reeducation camps. I was practically strip-searched
upon leaving and entering the house, subjected to lengthy interrogations
as to my whereabouts and activities upon return, had my phone calls
monitored, and was expected to eat the same food as the adults.
I became convinced that some omniscient power was taking note of
my every move, and I was grounded for weeks with the slightest infraction
of house rules. But it made me a better person, right?
Of course not. It turned me into a neurotic mess, with an attitude
toward authority that vacillates between cowering before it and
plotting to subvert it. But we have traveled a considerable distance
from the days of the Puritans, when children were taught to regard
themselves as burdens and admonished to feel fortunate that their
parents bothered to clothe and feed such inferior little beings
as themselves. Now if it is not quite the opposite, it is almost
so. A woman I know who's expecting her first child was struck by
a remark her doctor made. "You know," he told her, "we're
the first generation that feels we have to campaign for our children's
love."
Much blame is laid to Benjamin Spock for cheerleading the rush
to permissive parenting, but take away his spare-the-rod approach
to child rearing and one must still factor in how families have
changed. "Guilt is a biggie," says "No More Misbehavin'
" author Borba. "You've got moms and dads doing two or
three jobs, they come home frazzled, and they're feeling guilty
because they know the children aren't getting as much attention
as they should. They don't want to spoil the time when they feel
they ought to be creating warm family memories by disciplining their
kids and making a scene."
Stearns agrees. "Particularly in the last 15 or 20 years,
parents have definitely become more guilty about how they treat
their kids, particularly when mothers work, so they don't think
it's right to deny them attention."
The time crunch may have as much to do with contemporary children's
encroachment on adult space as anything. I was a child in the '60s
but not of them; my parents grew up in post-Depression America and
embraced what now are fairly antique ideas about "boundaries,"
a word they never used, but a concept of which they had full command.
When guests came over, kids were exiled to the basement. The stairs
were the DMZ, and if we crossed into adult territory, somebody's
father was sure to bellow, "No kids in the living room!"
This is a far cry from the father who allowed his 8-year-old son
to interrupt conversation by asking, "What makes the wind blow?"
and then gave him a detailed explanation worthy of the Encyclopaedia
Britannica, as I observed during a recent visit with some suburban
friends. But then, my mother worked only intermittently, and when
she did, it was at the family business, which was within walking
distance from school and home. My parents didn't have to schedule
"quality time" except for themselves.
But back, for a moment, to the subject of basements, or rather
the lack of them or other rooms where kids were traditionally sent
off to be, well, kids. "Since the mid-1980s, partly because
it's cheaper and they're becoming smaller, more and more houses
are designed to have a great room instead of a parlor and a den
or a playroom, which might normally segregate children from adults,"
says Calvin Morrill, professor and chair of the sociology department
at UC Irvine. This could be a subtle factor in further obliterating
the barrier between children and adults, says Morrill, who along
with David A. Snow and Cindy White, edited a book due out in spring
2005 from University of California Press, which includes a chapter
on how parents control children in public places.
Still, many professionals agree that today's children are overindulged
and suffering from a dearth of boundaries, which means adults suffer
with them. As with most things, there is a way to blame it on the
boomers. Permissiveness and indulgence is an overcorrection for
the autocratic parenting styles to which many of those now raising
their own children were subjected, says Michel Cohen, a New York
pediatrician and author of "The New Basics: A-to-Z Baby &
Child Care for the Modern Parent," which advocates a sterner
approach. "A lot of today's parents come from a flower power
background where they think they have to talk and explain everything
to their children," he says. "Also, many of us came from
a much more rigid background, so the reaction is to go the other
way. And definitely, I think people are just too busy, so they take
the path of least resistance."
All of the explaining and negotiating, Cohen says, ultimately reinforces
bad behavior. "Say a kid is banging on the television. The
parent may give five or six inconsistent responses. All the child
remembers is the attention he got from banging on the TV, so now
he's totally engulfed in testing his parents just to see how they'll
react because it's different every time."
"The whole concept of self-esteem over the past 10 years really
got corrupted," says author Borba. "It's become a marshmallow
thing. Too many parents subscribe to the myth that if you discipline
children, you're going to break their spirit. Children thrive with
nurturing, but also with structure and consistency. 'Overindulged'
doesn't necessarily mean that the kid has every toy; it's making
him think that he can get away with what's not good for him. The
'Me Generation' is raising the 'Me-Me-Me Generation.' "
Now, the airplane story.
Maria and I were on a flight to Hawaii a couple of summers ago.
Directly behind Maria was a woman, about 30, attractive and well-dressed.
Riding in her lap was her daughter, probably about 2, and they had
carried onboard roughly half the Toys R Us inventory in the child's
age category. Before takeoff, the child was restive. She thumped,
bumped and wriggled. But we let it pass, saying to ourselves that
kids usually settle down and are lulled to sleep once the plane
lifts off.
It was not to be. As the plane reached cruising altitude, the child
thrashed like a wild animal in a box. There were squeals, giggles
and laughter, emanating from both child and parent, who kept her
daughter goosed up with all the toys, raucously bouncing her in
her lap, then propping her on the back of Maria's seat so that her
diapers were all but resting on Maria's head. The man beside me
grimaced in a gesture of solidarity. I resorted to deep breathing.
After an hour of this, I turned around, looked the woman in the
eye, and said in a low voice: "Could you please control your
child?"
The woman swelled with indignation. She looked as if I'd suggested
the child be dumped off the plane like blue ice. "This is a
2-year-old," she shot back. "I can't give orders to a
2-year-old. They don't understand orders!"
Maria then turned to face the woman and said, without masking her
anger, "You are the mother. It is your responsibility to control
your child."
All around us, passengers looked up from their magazines and paperbacks.
"You obviously don't have children!" the woman said,
her tone insinuating that she, having met her biological imperative,
had transcended those of us who hadn't. With a majestic flaring
of her nostrils, she added, "Because if you had children, you'd
understand that you can't control a 2-year-old!"
By now the woman and Maria were yelling at each other, prompting
the flight attendants to step in. They were taking this very seriously,
and I sensed that we were about to be greeted at the airport by
a federal marshal. The woman held her child in the aisle while a
volunteer was found to trade seats with my companion, who graciously
took the fall for a fight I had provoked. The beatific mother, meanwhile,
surreptitiously gave us the finger.
Once the fracas ended, the entire plane divided into two camps.
As Maria marched toward her new seat, faces rose to scrutinize her.
Some gave her subtle nods of support; thank goodness someone had
dared take a stand against impudence! Others, as might be expected,
turned their heads away in a gesture of ostracism. Those who met
her gaze did so with steely eyes that said, "Child hater!"
Among the latter was a woman in high middle age with a Malibu Barbie
haircut and supple, collagen-enhanced cheeks. I pegged her as a
soap opera actress. With pointed self-righteousness worthy of Joan
of Arc, she offered to hold the child for the mother, rescuing her
from the child-hating cranks.
Later, when the plane tilted downward, an attendant presented my
new seatmate and me with two bottles of wine for tolerating Maria,
whom they didn't realize was my companion and whose contempt for
children they clearly saw as the root of the trouble. When we got
to our hotel, Maria asked me where I'd gotten the wine. I thought
she would enjoy the irony. "They didn't realize we were together,
so they gave it to me for having to sit next to a child hater,"
I said.
As the bottle whistled across the room and grazed my ear, I realized
I had seriously overestimated Maria's sense of humor.
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